合成革企业二甲基甲酰胺排放清单的初步建立

根据合成革生产中的物料平衡,结合企业现场调查、原料成分测定及污染源监测等数据,建立合成革企业二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)排放清单. 结果表明:合成革生产中湿法生产线和干法生产线的DMF排放量分别为108.10和63.50 t/a,其中90%以上来自无组织排放. 由于合成革产品需求的季节性变化及当地气候特点,DMF排放在3,4和9─12月较高,分别占全年总排放量的10%以上,而在2,5─7月相对较低,均不到全年总排放量的7%. 基于建立的DMF排放清单和研究区域气象数据,采用AERMOD模型模拟8个监测点在监测时段的ρ(DMF)日均值. 对ρ(DMF)模拟值和实测值的拟合结果可知,84%的模拟值与监测值的相对误差在100%以内,表明建立的DMF排放清单较准确.      

Impact of Lime and Ash Applications on Soil Solution Chemistry of an Acidified Podzolic Soil

Soil solution samples were taken from two sites (Horröd and Hasslöv) in the south part of Sweden to evaluate how soil solution chemistry responded to different treatmentswith dolomite and wood ash. At Horröd, samples were taken four years after application of wood ash, 4.28 ton ha^-1 and dolomite, 3.25 ton ha^-1. At Hasslöv dolomite, 3.45 ton ha^-1 and 8.75 ton ha^-1 was applied and samples were taken 15 yr later. It was found that treatment with dolomite at one site (Hasslöv) resulted in higher pH values (<2 pH units) and higher nitrification. It was also found at this site that the total Al and the inorganic Al concentrations decreased with dolomite treatment. The Ca, Mg, DOC, Fe, SO₄ ^2- and Cl^- concentrations, mainly in the topsoil, were found to be higher at both sites, following dolomite treatment; Ca and Mg concentrations were 2–8 times higher (<820 M) than in controls (<70 M). Wood ash was found to have less impact. The PO₄ concentration in the O2 horizon at Hasslöv decreased due to dolomite-treatment. ANOVA (Analyse of Variance) and PLS (Partial Least Square) were used to evaluate the data from the two sites.     

UNSATURATED FLOW THROUGH SOLID WASTE LANDFILLS: MODEL AND SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS1

ABSTRACT: The movement of precipitation water infiltrating through the material (refuse) of solid waste landfills is examined via numerical solution of the equations of continuity, and motion (Darcy's Law). The solution of the equations is obtained by a fully implicit, finite-difference scheme. Both unsaturated and saturated surface conditions are considered, making the scheme suitable for real-time simulation of net precipitation and moisture redistribution events. A sensitivity analysis showed that for unsaturated surface conditions the solution is primarily affected by hydraulic conductivity and capillary diffusivity, and is relatively independent of the space and time steps. In addition, the precipitation averaging process is shown to be critical in the correct computation of moisture transport during the time period where the transition from unsaturated to saturated conditions occurs. The model presented herein is suitable for analysis of water movement through landfills, and the design of bottom collection systems.     

天山公路沿线地质灾害危险性模糊综合评判——以K576+800~K690+000段为例

主要运用模糊综合评判方法,对天山公路沿线地质灾害危险性进行分区评价。以天山地区国道217线(K576+800~K690+000段)公路沿线地质灾害为研究对象,通过对野外现场调查资料与已有地质资料的分析,建立了适合高寒山区实际地质环境条件的公路沿线崩塌、滑坡、泥石流等灾害的评价指标体系。利用层次分析法确定该评价指标体系中评价因子的权值,运用两级模糊综合评判法对研究区的地质灾害分区进行定量评价。根据最大隶属度原则得出每一区段的危险性评价结果,按地质灾害危险性等级对研究区进行区划。此评价结果可供今后该段公路沿线地质灾害防治参考。     

建筑火灾风险综合评价对火灾保险费率影响的研究

保险人为了降低建筑火灾后巨额的损失赔付,需要在承保时对建筑物进行火灾风险评价,进而根据评价结果确定保险费率的大小.论文根据高层建筑火灾风险的模糊综合评价模型及评价结果所在的等级范围,提出并建立了保险费率浮动的关系方程式.最后应用此模型和关系式对一幢高层建筑的火灾风险进行了评价,得出其防火安全等级和费率的浮动值.研究结果表明,所建立的方法为保险人确定费率浮动提供了依据,并为承保前的检查、承保后的核查,提供了系统的技术手段.     

改进的模糊综合评价方法在制造业安全评价中的应用研究

针对制造业车间的安全评价具有多维多层次性和不确定性,运用区间数对模糊综合评价方法进行改进,对其进行综合评价.对于单因素权重、综合评价权重、各指标评分和评价集中评价等级水平均采用区间数,以使评价更符合客观实际.通过实例应用分析,验证了该评价方法的科学性和可行性.     

COD_(Cr)分析废液中银的回收再利用研究

COD_(Cr)分析中使用的硫酸银属于重金属溶液,若直接排入下水道,对环境影响较大,而且也是对贵重金属的浪费。文章对COD_(Cr)分析废液中银的回收进行了实验研究,将废金属银回收,配制成硫酸银溶液回用于实验中,与购买的硫酸银溶液相比,误差在可接受范围内。     

旅游商品的模糊综合评价

旅游商品是旅游市场经济效益产出中非常重要的一个方面。面对市场上旅游商品良莠不齐和缺少旅游商品相关评价标准的状况,采用模糊数学方法对旅游商品进行综合评价。在提出四层评价体系实施方案的同时,将该评价方法应用于旅游实践,从而为旅游商品开发者、生产者、经销者或旅游景区的旅游商品开发管理提供参考。     

水质总氮测试中高空白值形成规律与对策

通过一系列对比试验考察了根据GB 11894-89检测水质总氮时高空白值的形成规律.结果表明,过硫酸钾、氢氧化钠都可能造成空白值过高,且混合液消解后2种药剂会形成较强的交互作用,是空白值过高的主要原因.根据高空白值对总氮标准曲线不同部分的影响,建议将总氮标准曲线范围设定为1～10 mg/L(而非国标设定的0～10 mg/L),在高空白值条件下,该措施能显著提高总氮测试的准确性,满足大多数水质检测的需要.此外,国标规定的检测上限(4 mg/L)应理解为所测水样总氮浓度最高可达到10 mg/L.     

矿井通风系统评价的可拓方法

首先提出通风系统评价的指标体系,该指标体系主要涵盖了技术可行性、经济合理性和安全可靠性等3个方面的13个评价指标;然后应用可拓学的理论与方法,建立多层次可拓综合评价模型。该模型以综合关联度作为评价准则,避免了评价中的主观性。通过将该方法对河南神火煤电股份有限责任公司新庄矿通风系统进行评价,指出该矿通风系统整体状况的优劣,通风系统中存在的问题并提出了相应的改进对策。结果表明,该方法较其他评价方法更加客观,结论更符合生产实际。